Vaccinations are one of the most important things you can do to protect your pet's health. Whether you've just brought home a new puppy or kitten, or you're catching up on boosters for an adult pet, understanding the vaccination schedule can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks it all down so you know exactly what your pet needs and when.
When to Start Vaccinating
Puppies and kittens receive some immunity from their mother's milk, but this protection fades between 6 and 16 weeks of age. That's why vaccinations typically begin at 6 to 8 weeks old. Starting on time is critical — young animals are especially vulnerable to serious diseases during this window.
If you've adopted an older pet with an unknown vaccination history, your vet will likely recommend starting the core vaccine series right away. Don't worry about "over-vaccinating" — your vet will tailor the plan to your pet's specific needs.
Core Vaccines for Puppies and Dogs
Core vaccines are considered essential for all dogs regardless of lifestyle. The primary core vaccine for dogs is the DHPP combination, which protects against four serious diseases:
- Distemper — a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease
- Hepatitis (Adenovirus) — causes liver and kidney damage
- Parainfluenza — a respiratory virus that contributes to kennel cough
- Parvovirus — an extremely contagious and deadly gastrointestinal virus
Puppies receive DHPP at 6-8 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and 14-16 weeks, followed by a booster at one year. After that, boosters are given every 1 to 3 years depending on the vaccine type and your vet's recommendation.
Rabies is also a core vaccine for dogs. It's required by law in most areas and is typically given at 12-16 weeks, with a booster at one year and then every 1 to 3 years.
Core Vaccines for Kittens and Cats
The primary core vaccine for cats is FVRCP, which protects against three diseases:
- Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Herpesvirus) — a common upper respiratory infection
- Calicivirus — causes oral disease and respiratory infections
- Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper) — a highly contagious and often fatal disease
Kittens receive FVRCP at 6-8 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and 14-16 weeks, with a booster at one year. Adult cats then receive boosters every 1 to 3 years. Rabies vaccination follows the same schedule as dogs and is required by law in many regions.
Non-Core Vaccines
Non-core vaccines are recommended based on your pet's lifestyle, environment, and risk factors. For dogs, these may include:
- Bordetella (kennel cough) — recommended for dogs that visit boarding facilities, dog parks, or groomers
- Leptospirosis — recommended for dogs exposed to wildlife or standing water
- Lyme disease — recommended in areas where ticks are prevalent
- Canine influenza — recommended for dogs in social settings
For cats, non-core vaccines include Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), which is especially recommended for outdoor cats or those living with FeLV-positive cats. Your vet can help determine which non-core vaccines make sense for your pet's situation.
The Booster Schedule
After the initial puppy or kitten series, booster shots are essential to maintain immunity. Most core vaccines require a booster at one year, then every 1 to 3 years after that. Non-core vaccines like Bordetella may need annual boosters.
Keep a record of your pet's vaccinations — your vet will provide a vaccination card, and many clinics now offer digital records. Staying on schedule ensures your pet is always protected.
Using PetSOS to Stay on Track
Not sure if your pet is due for a vaccine? Use PetSOS to find a trusted veterinarian near you who can review your pet's records and create a personalized vaccination plan. With PetSOS, locating a vet clinic that fits your schedule and budget is quick and easy — so you never have to worry about falling behind on your pet's vaccinations.